1926 – The term “Photon” is coined. Of course a photon is the basic “unit” of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Newton Lewis is the one who coins the term.
1994 – Although its only been in mainstream news for a couple years, the Large Hadron Collider has actually been around for many years now. On this day, for example, CERN receives not only approval, but also the funding to build this massive device. Because of this, CERN hands the WebCore project to the French organization INRIA (the Institut National pour la Recherche en Informatique et Automatique.)
John Scopes was an activist and a teacher. In what was called the “Scopes Monkey Trial“, John was charged on May 5th, 1925 of teaching evolution in his Tennessee classroom. On July 21 he was found guilty and fined $100. The central argument in the case was the Butler Act, prohibiting that human evolution, or any Biblical account of origin could be taught.Scopes verdict was overturned, but only because of a technicality. The Judge fined Scopes and not a jury.
The Butler Act was repealed in 1967.
Full Day in Tech History podcast show notes for July 21
1916 – Albert Einstein sent a paper off to Annelen Der Physik. The paper was called “Die Grundlage der Allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie” – translated as “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity”.
The paper included the Principle considerations about the Postulate of Relativity, Mathmatical auxiliiaries for establishing the general covariant equations, theory of gravitational fields, and Newton’s theory as first approximation.
For years thereafter, people studied this theory and tried to prove or disprove it.
1926 – Robert Goddard became the first man to launch liquid-fueled rocket. The liquid oxygen and gasoline mixture launched the 10 foot rocket, travelling at 60 MPH, to an altitude of 41 feet.
The rocket was dubbed “Nell” and was launched in the cold climate in Auburn Massachusetts.
The New York Times picked up on Goddard’s experiment, but wasn’t kind to him. They denounced his work, ultimately swaying public opinion.
An unwavered Goddard put together a team and in 1930 continued his research. He made some great strides until 1945 when he passed away.
His work and 214 patents gave way for scientists to continue the research and eventually send astronauts to the moon. On July 1969, The New York Times retracted the 1926 article, giving him proper credit as the father of modern rocketry.
1882 – Thomas Edison created more tech history when he was granted a patent for the carbon microphone for the telephone. The carbon was in between two cups and attached to the mouthpiece. The diaphragm would change pressure, causing the carbon to be pushed upon. That would send electric current to the other end – which would transpose it back to audio.